This product is for in vitro research only and is not intended for use in humans or animals.DescriptionPyruvate kinase (PK) regulates the final rate-limiting step of glycolysis in the production of pyruvate andadenosine triphosphate (ATP). Alternate splicing of PKM pre-mRNA leads to PKM2 generation by theinclusion of exon 10 and the exclusion of exon 9, which is specific for PKM1. Besides its cytosolic roles inglycolysis, PKM2, which is upregulated by growth factor receptor activation 1, is phosphorylated at S37 byextracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2. This phosphorylation leads to the cis-trans isomerization ofPKM2 by the peptidyl-proline isomerase protein interactingwith never in mitosis A 1 (PIN1), exposure of the nuclearlocalization signal (NLS) of PKM2, and subsequent binding ofimportin Alpha-5 for nuclear translocation 2. In the nucleus, PKM2binds to phosphorylated Y333 of B-catenin, which is essentialfor B-catenin transactivation 3, and interacts with andphosphorylates histone H3 at T11, leading to H3-K9acetylation and transcription of genes such as MYC andCCND1 4. c-Myc expression results in the upregulation ofGLUT1, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and, in a positivefeedback loop, PTB-dependent PKM2, which subsequentlyenhances the Warburg effect 2. Cyclin D1 expression, in turn,promotes G1-S phase transition 3, 4.Specificity: The antibody detects endogenous levels of total PKM2 protein.Formulation: 1.0 mg/mL in phosphate buffer without Mg2+/Ca2+, pH7.4, 150mM NaCl and 50% glycerolDilution: 1:500 for Western BlottingSynonyms: PKM PK3 OIP3 PK2Accession: Swiss-Port #: P14618-1 NCBI Gene #: 5315 NCBI Protein #: NP_872270.1References1 Yang W, Xia Y, Cao Y et al. EGFR-induced and PKCepsilon monoubiquitylation-dependent NF-kappaBactivation upregulates PKM2 expression and promotes tumorigenesis. Molecular cell 2012; 48:771-784.2 Yang W, Zheng Y, Xia Y et al. ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of PKM2promotes the Warburg effect. Nature cell biology 2012; 14:1295-1304.3 Yang W, Xia Y, Ji H et al. Nuclear PKM2 regulates beta-catenin transactivation upon EGFR activation.Nature 2011; 480:118-122.4 Yang W, Xia Y, Hawke D et al. PKM2 phosphorylates histone H3 and promotes gene transcription andtumorigenesis. Cell 2012; 150:685-696.PKM2 AntibodyCatalog: #AA001 100 ulOrders: gmxhwh@hotmail.comApplication Species Reactivity Source StorageWB, IP Human Mouse Monoclonal Ab -20 C
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